The economic and social effects of youth migration from rural to urban areas, Egypt: A field study

Migration is a comprehensive social process and intertwined in its factors with economic factors, and results in effects at the economic and social levels, so the research aims to study the development of internal migration rates and trends by identifying the reasons leading to internal migration from rural to urban, and its social and economic effects on the Egyptian countryside. The results showed that net migration increased by 7,684,3 people annually during the period (2000 - 2021 AD), and that the net migration rate reached the lowest value in 2005 at about 18.7, which rose to approximately 29.6 in 2017, and that immigrants are younger, with ages ranging from (21 – less than 33), which negatively affects economic and social development in their areas of origin, and that migration due to joining the family represents the first place and its impact on females is more than on males, marriage represents one of the most prominent social factors leading to internal migration among residents of Egypt, and that its impact on females is more than its impact on males. One of the economic factors leading to migration is the work factor (the factor of improving individual income) the most important factor in achieving this, and that about 35% of the respondents receive a salary of (400 – less than 600 pounds). They are considered public sector employees. The social reasons that prompted young people to internal migration come first place is the lack of women’s service. As for the economic reasons that prompted young people to internal migration, the highest percentage of the sample agreed that in the city talents and creativity appear among most young people with the availability of private and public educational institutions. As for the political reasons which prompted young people to migrate internally, it turned out that the higher percentage of the sample agreed that there are no job opportunities for higher education in rural areas, and that rural areas do not have opportunities for university education, and there are no activities for young people and children to practice.