Genetic analysis and heterosis for some quantitative characters in bread wheat

Document Type : Research article

Authors

Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt

Abstract

This investigation was carried out to study the combining ability and heterosis in a half diallel mating among seven bread wheat varieties. Some traits i.e. days to heading, plant height, no. of spikes/plant, spike length, no. of grains/spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/plant were studied. The results showed that there were highly significant estimates of both GCA and SCA combining ability effects, indicating the relative importance of additive and non-additive genetic variances for all studied characters. The ratios of GCA/SCA were more than unity in all studied traits, indicating that additive gene effects were more important than dominance in the expression of these traits. Shandaweel-1 (P2) had positive significant for plant height and negative significant for days to heading, while it gave non-significant values for spikes number plant-1, grains number spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield/ plant-1. Gemmeiza-11 (P3) gave positive and highly significant GCA effects for days to heading, no. of grains/spike and grain yield/plant-1 and negative highly significant for no. of grains/spike and GW, while it had non-significant for PH. The parent Giza-171 (P4) was good combiner for PH and GW, while Sakha 93(P7) was the best combiner for DH, PH, GW and grain yield plant-1. P3×P7 showed the maximum positive SCA effects, while P1×P2 displayed the highest negative SCA effects. Concerning grain yield/plant-1, the crosses P3×P6 and P3×P7 gave the highest positive significant values for the heterosis over mid parent and better parent.

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Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal
Volume 5, Issue 2
August 2022
Pages 240-252

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