@article { author = {El-Emary, F. and Abd El-Aal, M.}, title = {Diverse responses for some growth biostimulants on some morphological, physiological, chemical, anatomical and yield characteristics of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {1-22}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.25537}, abstract = {Two field experiments were carried at the Experimental Farm Station of The Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Qlubia governorate and Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut governorate, Egypt, during two successive summer seasons of 2016 and 2017.The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar application with Arginine at 25, 50 mgl-1 and Tryptophan at 50, 100 mgl-1 as well as Milagrow at 50 and 100 mgl-1 treatments comparing to the control on morphological, physiological, chemical, anatomical, flowering and yield characteristics of tomato plant. The experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Different vegetative growth characteristics of plant samples were taken i.e., plant length, stem diameter, number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem fresh weight plant-1, leaves fresh weight plant-1, stem dry weight plant-1, leaves dry weight plant-1 and total leaf area plant-1. Photosynthetic pigments in the leaves i.e., Chlorophyll A, B, A+B and Carotenoids mg g-1 F.Wt., phytohormones i.e., Gibberellins, Auxins, Cytokinins and total promoters as well as Salicylic acid and Abscisic acid content. Anatomical characteristics of tomato plant leaf i.e., thickness of upper epidermis tissue, lower epidermis, palisade tissue, spongy tissue, blade, phloem tissue, xylem tissue, No. of xylem rows, widest of M. xylem vessel, length of vascular bundle, width of vascular bundle and thickness of leaf midrib. Anatomical stem characteristics i.e., thickness of epidermis tissue, collenchyma layers, parenchyma layers, phloem tissue, cambial tissue, xylem tissue, No. of xylem rows vascular cylinder-1, No. of xylem vessels row-1, widest of M. xylem vessel, thickness of parenchymamatous pith and stem diameter. From these results we can conclude that, the beast treatment was Milagrow at 50 mgl-1 flowed by Arginine at 50 mgl-1 comparing with the control and other applied biostimulant treatments  during the both seasons. On the other side, the treatment with Tryptophan, recorded low values, especially at 50 mgl-1 comparing with the other biostimulants. At the same time Milagro at 50 mgl-1 which recorded the highest values for early yield (g) plant-1 (731.62), total fruits No. plant-1 (29.74), fruit setting % (37.19), total yield plant-1 (1.94 kg), fruit fresh weight fruit-1 (67.38 g) and fruit dry weight fruit-1 (3.14g). The highest values for nitrogen, crude protein, total carbohydrates, total soluble solids and Vitamin C mg100-1 cm3 juice was recorded with Milagrow at 50 mgl-1. On the contrast, the same treatment was recorded low values for phosphorus, potassium and total acidity comparing with the other treatments during both seasons. The negative correlation was found among nitrogen, crude protein, total carbohydrates, total soluble solid and vitamin  C mg 100-1 cm3 juice with phosphorus, potassium and total acidity. From these results can conclude that, the beast treatment was Milagrow at 50 mgl-1 flowed by Arginine at 50 mgl-1 comparing with the control during the both seasons. On the other side, the treatment with Tryptophan, recorded low values, especially at 50 mgl-1 comparing with the other applied biostimulants. Finally, the leaf and stem anatomical characters indicated  that Milagrow was the beast  treatment for enhancement the diameter of xylem vessel in the stem and No. of xylem rows in the leaf and stem especially at 50 mgl-1 as well as increasing the thickness of leaf  lamina  and  midrib  especially at 100  mgl-1,  subsequently increasing the mineral  elements transport and photosynthetic rate. Moreover, increasing yield and may be caused the tolerance to an adverse conditions especially high temperature for tomato genotypes during summer season.}, keywords = {Tomato,Arginine,tryptophan,milagrow,anatomical characteristics,Photosynthetic pigments,yield and quality}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25537.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25537_cfa5da3a7321c76c2e0445ca0f3f5c1c.pdf} } @article { author = {Hegab, S. and Eissa, M. and Darwish, M. and Rekaby, S.}, title = {Optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization for drip irrigated maize under semi-arid conditions}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {23-35}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.25538}, abstract = {Water and nitrogen are major limiting factors for crop growth and development in arid regions. A field experiments were carried out at the semi-arid region of Upper Egypt, Assuit governorate during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. The experiments were conducted to investigate the response of drip irrigated maize to three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (N220=220, N290=290, and N360=360 kg ha−1). The measured growth parameters of maize were significantly higher when N was applied at a rate of 360 kg per hectare compared to other N rates (220 and 290 kg ha−1). The highest N supply (N360) increased the uptake of N, P, and K by 43, 41, and 53%, respectively, as compared to the lowest rate (N220). N360 increased maize grain yield by 56 and 62% in the first and second season, respectively, as compared to N220. N360 increased the water use efficiency (WUE) by 54 and 40% in the first and second season, respectively, compared to N220.  Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to fertilize drip irrigated maize by 360 kg per hectare.}, keywords = {Drip irrigation,N fertilization,nutrients uptake,water use efficiency}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25538.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25538_9c6b32adfdc19ef226a48e16b0539960.pdf} } @article { author = {Abo Elenein, M.}, title = {The farmers’ knowledge of the techniques of the sustainable agriculture in Assuit governorate, Egypt}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {36-44}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.25540}, abstract = {This research aimed to identify the level of knowledge of the respondents farmers concerning with sustainable agriculture techniques in Assiut governorate, the obstacles facing them while using sustainable agriculture techniques, and their proposals to overcome these obstacles and to know the relationship between the level of knowledge farmers concerning with sustainable agriculture techniques and their independent studied variables. This research has been carried out in Assiut governorate; two districts were randomly selected from the governorate. These are Assiut and Aboitig A village was randomly selected from each district, respectively, Mankabad and Masoudi. The sample was randomly selected from the villages of the study with10% of the total number of farmers in each village. The sample was as follows: 124 respondent farmers in the village of Mankabad in Assiut district. The total number of farmers in this village is 1242 farmers and 85 respondents in the village of Masaoudi in Aboitig district. The total number of village farmers is 850 farmers, and the data were collected by personal interview using a questionnaire prepared specifically for this purpose during the month of July and August 2017. Data were analyzed and shown using illustrating tables, frequencies, analysis, that was done through using a percentages, and chi-square test package of statistical programs of social sciences (SPSS). The results indicated that:   Knowledge level of 71.29% respondents farmers were average or low for sustainable farming techniques. The most important obstacles facing farmers when using sustainable agriculture techniques are: lack of sources of selling biological fertilizers, high costs of importing natural resistants, and some techniques such as modern irrigation methods, and the absence of incentives by the agricultural extension organization. The most important proposals of farmers to overcome the obstacles facing them when using sustainable agriculture techniques are: providing sources for selling of bio-fertilizers in agricultural societies, finding a specialist to multiply the natural resistants, and providing the necessary loans to farmers to buy modern irrigation supplies. There is significant relationship between the level of knowledge of the farmers concerning with sustainable agriculture techniques, and each of their following independent variables: age, educational level, agricultural holding capacity, and sources of information. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25540.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25540_17ff62599a4fe600508cfd385dafc77f.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammed, K. and Kamal El-den, M. and Dahmoush, A.}, title = {Selection indices for improving body weights in Saudi Aradi and Damascus goats}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {45-58}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.25541}, abstract = {Data on body weight records of Saudi Aradi goat (A) and Damascus goats (D) were used to construct different selection indices. Records of 314 kids produced by (18 Sir and 67 Dam) for Saudi Aradi goat (A) and of 175 kids produced by (18 Sir and 145 Dam) for Damascus goat (D) were used for the study.  The variance component estimated from sire-dam mixed models was utilized to calculate heritability estimates. Seven selection indices constructed using phenotypic and genetic variances  and  co  variances  for  Saudi  Aradi  (A)  and  Damascus  goats  (D).  The original index (supposed to be 100% efficient in the genetic sense) was constructed to include all the 3 traits while the other three reduce indices include only two traits, in consequence one trait of the three traits (included in the original index) was dropped, while the last three reduce indices include only one trait in consequence two traits of the three traits (included in the original index) was dropped. High values of partial regressions coefficients (b´s) were obtained in weight at six month (6M) For Aradi goats (A) and weaning weight (WW) for Damascus goats (D) in all indices constructed. On the other hand, Comparing the three indexes (I5 = 2.122 BW, I6 = 2.352 WW and I7  = 2.232 6M), For Aradi goats (A) the b value of birth weight (BW) was lower than that of weaning weight and weight at six month in the single indices, but, Comparing the three indexes for Damascus goats (D) (I5  = 3.217 BW, I6 = 1.699 WW and I7 = 1.075 MW), the b value of birth weight (BW) was greater than that of weaning weight and weight at six month in the single indices. Estimates of (V%) indicate that including weight at six month in selection programs offer more economic-genetic contribution than those of other growth traits studied (birth and weaning weights). But, for Damascus goats (D) estimates of (V%) indicate that including weaning weight in selection programs offer more economic-genetic contribution than those of other growth traits studied (birth weight and weight at six month). The percentage of total economic-genetic gain (H%) accounted for by gain in each trait for most indices constructed indicated that weight at six month would contribute up to 74.99% of total economic-genetic gain for Aradi goat and up to 57.39% of total economic- genetic gain for Damascus goat which is higher than birth and weaning weights. Selection on I1 and I2 for Aradi goat gave the greatest improvement in 6M (+2.157 kg) and in WW (+1.180 kg). While, selection on I1 for Damascus goat gave the greatest improvement in WW (+1.400 kg). Correlation between the indices constructed and each individual trait in the aggregate genotype (rix) for Aradi goat ranged from 0.109 to 0.391 for birth weight and from 0.084 to 0.669 for weaning weight and from 0.089 to 0.669 for weight at six month. Furthermore, the high correlation for weaning weight and weight at six month indicated that selection per generation based on any index constructed would actually lead to a high genetic gain in weaning weight and weight at six month. Also, these correlations for Damascus goat ranged from 0.020 to 0.641 for birth weight and from 0.343 to 0.599 for weaning weight and from 0.030 to 0.479 for weight at six month. Furthermore, the high correlation for weaning weight and weight at six month indicated that selection per generation based on any index constructed would actually lead to a high genetic gain in weaning weight and weight at six month. While the high correlation for birth weight in (I5) only for two breeds indicated that the expected genetic change in this trait based on (I5) would be larger than other indices. The maximum accuracy of selection In Aradi goat (RIH = 0.699) was obtained using the index (I1). But the accuracy was decreased (RIH = 0.507) when 6M was ignored from the full index (I4). Selection for 6M alone would be more efficient (RIH = 0.668) than selection for WW (RIH = 0.507) alone or BW (RIH = 0.094) alone. Also, the maximum accuracy of selection Damascus goat (RIH = 0.56) was obtained using the index (I1). But the accuracy was more decreased (RIH = 0.482) when WW was ignored from the full index (I3) than (RIH = 0.511) when 6M was ignored from the full index (I4) Selection for 6M alone would be more efficient (RIH = 0.48) than selection for WW (RIH = 0.466) alone or BW (RIH = 0.235) alone. The efficiencies (RE) of different indices constructed relative to original index (I1). For Aradi goat, three trait index,  (I2) based on weaning weight and  weight at six month, index (I3) based on birth weight and  weight at six month and index (I7) based on weaning weight and  weight at six month were 99% as effective as the index including the three traits (I1), while the effectiveness of (I5) was only 14.00%. But, for Damascus goat one trait index,  (I2) based on weaning weight and weight at six month were 99% as effective as the index including the three traits (I1), while the effectiveness of (I5) was only 42.00%.}, keywords = {Saudi Aradi goats,Damascus goats,selection indices,heritability,variance component}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25541.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25541_eda273870a172b6bb59ae875146fca7c.pdf} } @article { author = {Ashour, A. and Hussein, H. and Ali, M.}, title = {Significance of rumen protected L-arginine –supplementation on certain blood parameters, mammary gland functions and growth rate of newly born lambs}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {59-67}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.25542}, abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rumen-protected L-arginine (ARG) on the udder of ewes and growth rate of newly born lambs. At 15±3 days postpartum, ten clinically healthy, 3-4 years ewes with body weight 49.11±4.03 Kg were divided randomly into 2 equal groups Group 1: served as control, without any treatment. Group 2: treated with Rumen protected L-Arginine 20 Mg/Kg body weight, for 30 days. The animals were examined with ultrasound, and blood samples were taken at the 10th, 20th and 30th days of ARG supplementations begin, and the lambs were weighted in the same times. The results of this study revealed that significant differences (P<0.05), between ARG treatment and control one, in some udder measurement's.The glucose concentration after 10, 20, and 30 days of treatment showed significant differences (P<0.01, and 0.05), where the ARG treatment had higher glucose concentration than control. Also, there were significant differences (P<0.05), between ARG treatment and control group, in the urea and AST concentrations.There was an increase in the lamb's body weight at 10th, 20th and 30th Day of ARG treatment. The ARG supplementation appeared to have significant effects on postpartum udder measurements as well as the growth rate of the newly born lambs.}, keywords = {L-arginine,Mammary gland,Ultrasound,Biochemical Blood,newly born lamb}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25542.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_25542_26419d669e73d2f45901efc482e4d47f.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, M.}, title = {Estimates of combining ability in seven new yellow maize inbred lines for grain yield and some agronomic traits}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {68-78}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.27994}, abstract = {Diallel crosses among seven advanced yellow maize inbred lines derived from different maize populations without reciprocals were made in 2015 season at Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia, Egypt. The resultant 21 crosses along with two commercial check hybrids i.e. SC 162 and SC 168 were evaluated in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at two locations i.e. Mallawi and Sakha Stations, Egypt during 2016 summer season. Mean squares due to crosses, G.C.A. and S.C.A. were significant for all studied traits. The ratio of G.C.A. variance to S.C.A. variance exceeded the unity for all studied traits, except for number of kernels per row, indicating that the greater importance of the additive gene effects than the non-additive gene effect in the inheritance of these traits. The parental lines 3, 5 and 7 had significant positive GCA effects for grain yield, in addition lines 5 and 7 had significant negative (preferred) GCA effects for days to 50%  silking. Also, inbred line 4 had negative significant GCA effects for both 50% silking and plant height. Nine crosses (P1xP3, P1xP4, P1xP7, P2xP6, P3xP4, P4xP5, P4xP7, P5xP6 and P6xP7) showed significant positive SCA effects for grain yield. Among these crosses, Three crosses (L1 × L4, L2 × L6, L4 × L5) exhibited the highest SCA effects and also its gave the highest mean performance for grain yield. These crosses may be released as commercial hybrids by the Maize Research Program after further testing and evaluation. Despite cross (L1 × L4) was insignificant higher than SC.168 but was significantly earlier and relatively shorter. The crosses (L1 × L7) and (L2 × L5) had higher yield, while, the first one was significantly earlier than SC.168, while the second one was significantly shorter than SC.168. These promising single crosses should undergo more testing across years and location before submission to the Varity Registration Committee, (VRC).}, keywords = {Maize,diallel crosses,Gene effect,Combining ability}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_27994.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_27994_8839a2cf5b5ed9a4b6829d67e839ad12.pdf} } @article { author = {Gabr Afaf, A. and Abdallah, T. and Abd El-Latif, M.}, title = {Evaluation of eight white maize inbred lines and their diallel crosses to study the variation in response to water deficit}, journal = {Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal}, volume = {1}, number = {2}, pages = {79-90}, year = {2018}, publisher = {Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Agriculture (Assiut Branch)}, issn = {2535-1680}, eissn = {2535-1699}, doi = {10.21608/aasj.2018.28212}, abstract = {A half diallel was done among eight white maize inbred lines. Two experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications to evaluate the eight parental lines and their 28 crosses at both normal and drought stress conditions at Mallawi Agricultural Research Station, Minia, Egypt. Data were recorded for the following traits from 10 guarded plants of each genotype: silking and tassel date to estimate anthesis-silking interval (ASI), plant height (cm), leaf senescence, leaf proline content (mg/g) and grain yield per plant (g) which was adjusted for 15.5% moisture. The effect of irrigation treatments was highly significant for all traits under study except for anthesis-silking interval (ASI), indicating that these traits were affected by water stress. All studied materials were affected by water stress. Nine crosses were selected based on the percentage of yield reduction, three crosses out of them, i.e. Gz-6×Gz-7, Gz-5×Gz-7 and Gz-5×Sd-3 were performed as best crosses under both irrigation systems and selected as tolerant crosses based on mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), Geometric mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (MHAR) indices. While, based on drought sensitive index (DSI) and stress tolerance indices, the crosses Gz-6×Sd-3, Gz-2×Gz-4 and Gz-4×Sd-2 were identified as tolerant crosses. Thus, we can use to detect crosses which had high performance under water stress or which had less yield reduction in drought maize breeding programs and can be cultivated in new lands under drip or sprinkler irrigation system.}, keywords = {white maize,diallel crosses,Water deficit}, url = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_28212.html}, eprint = {https://aasj.journals.ekb.eg/article_28212_b21035cc251f8d062e6db8ce45a87a1f.pdf} }